Aireplay-ng | full Details about aireplay

Vikash Singh    Linux   

Aireplay-ng the Kali Linux tool

SYNOPSIS

       aireplay-ng [options] <replay interface>

DESCRIPTION

      aireplay-ng is used to inject/replay frames. The primary function is to generate traffic for the later use in aircrack-ng for cracking the WEP and WPA-PSK keys. There are different attacks that can cause authentication for the purpose of capturing WPA handshake data, fake authentications, Interactive packet replay, hand-crafted ARP request injection, and ARP-request reinjection. With the packetforge-ng tool, it's possible to create arbitrary frames.

       aireplay-ng supports single-NIC injection/monitor.

       This feature needs driver patching.

OPTIONS

       -H, --help
              Shows the help screen.

       Filter options:

       -b <bssid>
              MAC address of access point.

       -d <dmac>
              MAC address of the destination.

       -s <smac>
              MAC address of source.

       -m <len>
              Minimum packet length.

       -n <len>
              Maximum packet length.

       -u <type>
              Frame control, type field.

       -v <subt>
              Frame control, subtype field.

       -t <tods>
              Frame control, "To" DS bit (0 or 1).

       -f <fromds>
              Frame control, "From" DS bit (0 or 1).

       -w <iswep>
              Frame control, WEP bit (0 or 1).

       -D     Disable AP Detection.

       Replay options:

       -x <nbpps>
              Number of packets per second.

       -p <fctrl>
              Set frame control word (hex).

       -a <bssid>
              Set Access Point MAC address.

       -c <dmac>
              Set destination MAC address.

       -h <smac>
              Set source MAC address.

       -g <nb_packets>
              Change ring buffer size (default: 8 packets). The minimum is 1.

       -F     Choose the first matching packet.

       -e <essid>
              Fake Authentication attack: Set target  SSID  (see  below).  For
              SSID  containing  special  characters, see https://www.aircrack-
              ng.org/doku.php?id=faq#how_to_use_spaces_double_quote_and_sin‐
              gle_quote_etc_in_ap_names

       -o <npackets>
              Fake  Authentication attack: Set the number of packets for every
             authentication and association attempt  (Default:  1).  0  means
              auto

       -q <seconds>
              Fake  Authentication  attack:  Set  the  time between keep-alive
              packets in fake authentication mode.

       -Q     Fake Authentication attack: Sends reassociation requests instead
              of  performing  a  complete authentication and association after
              each delay period.

       -y <prga>
              Fake Authentication attack: Specifies  the  keystream  file  for
              fake shared key authentication.

       -T n   Fake  Authentication attack:  Exit if fake authentication fails 'n'              time(s).

       -j     ARP Replay attack: inject FromDS packets (see below).

       -k <IP>
              Fragmentation attack: Set destination IP in fragments.

       -l <IP>
              Fragmentation attack: Set source IP in fragments.

       -B     Test option: bitrate test.

       Source options:

       -i <iface>
              Capture packets from this interface.

       -r <file>
              Extract packets from this pcap file.

       Miscellaneous options:

       -R     disable /dev/rtc usage.

       --ignore-negative-one if the interface's channel  can't ignore the mismatch, needed for unpatched cfg80211

       --deauth-rc  <rc>,  -Z <rc> Provide a reason code when doing deauthica‐on (between 0 and 255). By default, 7 is used: Class 3 frame received from unassociated STA. 0 is a reserved value. Reason codes explanations can  be  found  in  the  IEEE802.11  standard or in https://mrncciew.com/2014/10/11/802-11-mgmt-deauth-disassociation-frames/

       Attack modes:

       -0 <count>, --deauth=<count>
             This  attack  sends  deauthentication  packets  to  one  or more clients which are currently associated with a particular access point. Deauthenticating clients can be done for a number of reasons: Recovering a hidden ESSID. This is an ESSID which  is not being broadcast. Another term for this is "cloaked" or CapturingWPA/WPA2 handshakes by forcing clients to reauthenticate or Generate  ARP  requests  (Windows clients sometimes flush their ARPcache when disconnected).  Of course,  this  attack  is totally useless if  there  are no associated wireless client or on fake authentications.

       -1 <delay>, --fakeauth=<delay>
              The fake authentication attack allows you to perform the two types of  WEP  authentication (Open System and Shared Key) plus associates with the access point (AP). This is only useful when you need an associated MAC address in various aireplay-ng at‐tacks and there is currently no associated client. It should be noted that the fake authentication attack does NOT generate any packets. Fake authentication cannot be used to authenticate/associate with WPA/WPA2 Access Points.

       -2, --interactive

              This attack allows you to choose a specific packet for replaying(injecting). The attack can obtain packets to  replay  from two sources.  The first being a live flow of packets from your wireless card. The second being from a pcap  file.  Reading  from a file is an often overlooked feature of aireplay-ng. This allows you to read packets from other capture  sessions  or  quite  often, various attacks generate pcap files for easy reuse. A common use of reading a file containing a packet your created with packet‐forge-ng.

       -3, --arpreplay

              The classic ARP request replay attack is the most effective way to generate new initialization vectors (IVs) and works very reliably.  The  program listens for an ARP packet then retransmits it back to the access point. This, in turn,  causes  the access point to  repeat  the ARP packet with a new IV. The program retransmits the same ARP packet over and over. However,  each  ARPpacket repeated  by  the  access point has a new IVs. It is all these new IVs which allow you to determine the WEP key.

       -4, --chopchop

              This attack, when successful, can decrypt a  WEP  data packet without knowing  the key. It can even work against dynamic WEP.This attack does not recover the WEP key itself, but merely reveals the plaintext. However, some access points are not vulnerable to this attack. Some may seem vulnerable at first but actually drop  data  packets  shorter  that 60 bytes. If the access point drops packets shorter than 42  bytes,  aireplay  tries to guess the  rest  of the missing data, as far as the headers are predictable. If an IP packet is captured, it additionally checks if the  checksum  of  the  header is correct after guessing the missing parts of it. This attack requires at least one WEP  data packet.

       -5, --fragment

              This attack,  when successful,  can obtain 1500 bytes of PRGA(pseudo random generation algorithm). This attack does  not recover the WEP key itself but merely obtains the PRGA. The PRGAcan then be used to generate packets with  packetforge-ng  which are  in  turn used for various injection attacks. It requires at least one data packet to be received from the  access  point in order to initiate the attack.

       -6, --caffe-latte

              In general, for an attack to work, the attacker has to be in the range of an AP and a connected  client  (fake  or  real).  CaffeLatte attacks allows one to gather enough packets to crack a WEP key without the need of an AP, it just need a client to be in range.

       -7, --cfrag

              This attack turns IP or ARP packets from a client into an ARP request against the client.  This  attack  works  especially well against ad-hoc  networks. As well it can be used against soft clients and normal AP clients.

       -8, --migmode 

              This attack works against Cisco Aironet access points configured in WPA Migration Mode, which enables both WPA and WEP clients to associate to an access point using the same Service Set  Identifier  (SSID).  The program listens for a WEP-encapsulated broad‐cast ARP packet, bitflips it to make it into an ARP coming from the attacker's  MAC  address and  retransmits it to the access point. This, in turn, causes the access point to repeat the  ARPpacket with  a  new IV and also to forward the ARP reply to the attacker with a new IV. The program  retransmits  the  same  ARPpacket over  and over. However, each ARP packet repeated by the access point has a new IV as does the ARP reply forwarded to the attacker by the access point. It is all these new IVs that allow you to determine the WEP key.

       -9, --test 

              Tests injection and quality.

FRAGMENTATION VERSUS CHOPCHOP

       Fragmentation:

              Pros

              - Can obtain the full packet length  of  1500  bytes  XOR.  This

              means  you  can  subsequently  pretty  well  create  any size of

              packet.

              - May work where chopchop does not

              - Is extremely fast. It yields the XOR stream extremely  quickly

              when successful.

              Cons

              -  Setup  to  execute  the  attack is more subject to the device

              drivers. For example, Atheros  does  not  generate  the  correct

              packets  unless  the wireless card is set to the mac address you

              are spoofing.

              - You need to be physically closer to the access point since  if

              any packets are lost then the attack fails.

       Chop chop

              Pro

              - May work where frag does not work.

              Cons

              - It cannot be used against every access point.
              -  The maximum  XOR bits is limited to the length of the packet you chop chop against.
              - Much slower then the fragmentation attack.

AUTHOR

This manual page was written by Adam Cecile <gandalf@le-vert.net> for the Debian system (but may be used by others). Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the  GNU General Public License, Version 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation On Debian systems, the complete text of the GNU General Public License can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL.